82 research outputs found
Integrated Geostationary Solar Energetic Particle Events Catalog: GSEP
We present a catalog of solar energetic particle (SEP) events covering solar
cycles 22, 23 and 24. We correlate and integrate three existing catalogs based
on Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) integral proton
flux data. We visually verified and labeled each event in the catalog to
provide a homogenized data set. We have identified a total of 341 SEP events of
which 245 cross the space weather prediction center (SWPC) threshold of a
significant proton event. The metadata consists of physical parameters and
observables concerning the possible source solar eruptions, namely flares and
coronal mass ejections for each event. The sliced time series data of each
event, along with intensity profiles of proton fluxes in several energy bands,
have been made publicly available. This data set enables researchers in machine
learning (ML) and statistical analysis to understand the SEPs and the source
eruption characteristics useful for space weather prediction
Explainable Deep Learning-based Solar Flare Prediction with post hoc Attention for Operational Forecasting
This paper presents a post hoc analysis of a deep learning-based full-disk
solar flare prediction model. We used hourly full-disk line-of-sight
magnetogram images and selected binary prediction mode to predict the
occurrence of M1.0-class flares within 24 hours. We leveraged custom data
augmentation and sample weighting to counter the inherent class-imbalance
problem and used true skill statistic and Heidke skill score as evaluation
metrics. Recent advancements in gradient-based attention methods allow us to
interpret models by sending gradient signals to assign the burden of the
decision on the input features. We interpret our model using three post hoc
attention methods: (i) Guided Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping, (ii)
Deep Shapley Additive Explanations, and (iii) Integrated Gradients. Our
analysis shows that full-disk predictions of solar flares align with
characteristics related to the active regions. The key findings of this study
are: (1) We demonstrate that our full disk model can tangibly locate and
predict near-limb solar flares, which is a critical feature for operational
flare forecasting, (2) Our candidate model achieves an average
TSS=0.510.05 and HSS=0.380.08, and (3) Our evaluation suggests that
these models can learn conspicuous features corresponding to active regions
from full-disk magnetograms.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures. This is a preprint accepted at the 26th
International Conference on Discovery Science (DS2023). arXiv admin note:
text overlap with arXiv:2307.1587
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